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- EDUCATION, Page 56Bigots in the Ivory Tower
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- Racial, religious and sexual prejudice make a campus comeback
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- On the magnolia-lined grounds of the University of
- Mississippi last August, arsonists torched the first black
- fraternity house before its members had even moved in. At
- Memphis State University last fall, the Jewish Student Union
- was spray-painted with swastikas. Gay men and lesbians at the
- University of Texas at Austin have been pelted with rocks and
- beer bottles while participating in campus parades. At Temple
- University in Philadelphia, 130 undergraduates have formed a
- White Students Union dedicated to fighting affirmative-action
- programs and promoting "white pride."
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- Such signs of intolerance are all too common on America's
- college campuses. Two decades after the Love Generation traded
- in its tribal beads for briefcases and business suits, bigotry
- and prejudice are making a comeback. Underlying this ugly
- renaissance is a change in the nation's political climate from
- the idealism that spawned the civil rights movement in the
- 1960s to the me-first ethic that has flourished in the '80s.
- Many educators blame recent outbreaks of campus bigotry on the
- fact that today's students are largely ignorant about past
- struggles for racial, sexual and economic equality. "We failed
- to help our children learn the lessons we learned," says Mary
- Maples Dunn, president of Smith College in Northampton, Mass.
- "We thought we'd done good things in the 1960s, but we rested
- on our laurels."
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- The current crop of U.S. undergraduates, who were just
- toddlers in the late '60s and early '70s, grew up during a time
- when the social gains of those years were under attack. "They
- have been raised in an era when equal opportunity has been
- questioned," says Albert Camarillo, chairman of a Stanford
- University committee on minority concerns. "They have heard
- people ask if we have done too much for minorities." Others
- blame the Reagan Administration's lax enforcement of civil
- rights laws for making prejudice socially acceptable. "The
- Reagan years provided a context that made people feel more
- comfortable expressing intolerance," says John S. Wilson,
- assistant director of corporate development at M.I.T.
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- At the same time, competition for college admissions, as
- well as jobs and promotions, has made remedies for past
- inequities less appealing. At Berkeley, 22% of the students in
- last year's entering class fell into "protected" categories,
- including Native Americans, Hispanics and blacks. Asian
- Americans, who make up 26.5% of Berkeley's undergraduate
- population, are an especially tempting target for abuse because
- of their high academic performance. "People say they're too
- motivated," explains a student. "Especially in the sciences,
- whites are insecure." Such fears may even have tainted the
- admissions process: last fall the Department of Education
- launched an inquiry to determine whether Harvard and UCLA had
- set illegal quotas to limit Asian students.
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- Most schools are taking a tough stand against bigotry. Last
- October, after the independent conservative paper Dartmouth
- Review compared college president James Freedman, who is
- Jewish, to Hitler, the trustees denounced the editors for
- "ignorance and moral blindness." Months earlier, the university
- had taken sterner action, suspending three Review staffers for
- harassing a black professor of music. However, reinstatement of
- the students was ordered this month by a superior-court judge,
- and they are now suing the university for breach of contract,
- arguing that it did not live up to its bylaws, which guarantee
- free expression.
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- Some of the most effective actions against campus
- intolerance have been taken by students. Ole Miss's mostly white
- Interfraternity Council raised $20,000 to renovate another
- residence for the black fraternity whose house was burned down.
- Students at Syracuse University last month organized a week-long
- symposium to celebrate their racial and cultural diversity. The
- University of Chicago's mainstream paper, Maroon, took the lead
- in denouncing staffers of a right-wing campus periodical who
- humiliated homosexuals by placing phony personal ads in a
- newspaper and then exposing the identities of those who
- answered. As a result of the Maroon's campaign, two editors of
- the offending publication were suspended last spring and a $10.1
- million damage suit has been filed against them by some of the
- injured parties.
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- These are steps in the right direction. But it is likely
- that the country's colleges will be plagued by prejudice as
- long as students, complacent in their insensitivity and
- ignorance, feel that parents, politicians and even professors
- find such attitudes acceptable. Observes Joseph Duffey,
- chancellor of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, the
- scene of several racial incidents: "Our campuses are a testing
- ground for some of the resentments young people sense are out
- there in society."
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